Robina Li
Algorithms Blog - Graduate Algorithms course notes and resources
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View All →Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Vertex Cover to Set Cover
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Vertex Cover to Set Cover, demonstrating that Set Cover is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Vertex Cover to Hitting Set
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Vertex Cover to Hitting Set, demonstrating that Hitting Set is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Vertex Cover to Flower-Search
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Vertex Cover to Flower-Search, proving that the Flower-Search problem is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Vertex Cover to Dominating Set
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Vertex Cover to Dominating Set, demonstrating that Dominating Set is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Subset Sum to Knapsack
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Subset Sum to Knapsack, demonstrating that Knapsack is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: SAT to Stingy SAT
A detailed proof showing how to reduce SAT to Stingy SAT, demonstrating that Stingy SAT is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: SAT to Max SAT
A detailed proof showing how to reduce SAT to Max SAT, demonstrating that Max SAT is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: SAT to Circuit Design
A detailed proof showing how to reduce SAT to Circuit Design, proving that the Circuit Design problem is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Rudrata (s,t)-Path to White and Gold Path
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Rudrata (s,t)-Path to White and Gold Path, proving that the White and Gold Path problem is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Rudrata Path to Spanning Tree with Exact Leaves
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Rudrata Path to the problem of finding a spanning tree with a specified set of leaves.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Rudrata Path to Spanning Tree with k or Fewer Leaves
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Rudrata Path to the problem of finding a spanning tree with k or fewer leaves.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Rudrata Path to Longest Path
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Rudrata Path to Longest Path, demonstrating that Longest Path is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Rudrata Cycle to Traveling Salesman Problem
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Rudrata Cycle to Traveling Salesman Problem, demonstrating that TSP is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Rudrata Cycle to Reliable Network
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Rudrata Cycle to Reliable Network, demonstrating that Reliable Network is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Independent Set to Sparse Subgraph
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Independent Set to Sparse Subgraph, demonstrating that Sparse Subgraph is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Independent Set to Clique + Independent Set
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Independent Set to the problem of finding both a clique and an independent set of given sizes.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Clique to Subgraph Isomorphism
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Clique to Subgraph Isomorphism, demonstrating that Subgraph Isomorphism is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Clique to Maximum Common Subgraph
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Clique to Maximum Common Subgraph, demonstrating that Maximum Common Subgraph is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Clique to Kite
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Clique to Kite, demonstrating that Kite is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Clique to Dense Subgraph
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Clique to Dense Subgraph, demonstrating that Dense Subgraph is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: Clique to Clique-3
A detailed proof showing how to reduce Clique to Clique-3, demonstrating that Clique-3 is NP-complete.
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Nov 22, 2025
Reduction: 3-SAT to Exact 4-SAT
A detailed proof showing how to reduce 3-SAT to Exact 4-SAT, demonstrating that Exact 4-SAT is NP-complete.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Zero-One Equations: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Zero-One Equations to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Vertex Cover: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Vertex Cover to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Traveling Salesman Problem: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Traveling Salesman Problem to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Subset Sum: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Subset Sum to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from SAT: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from SAT to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Rudrata (s,t)-Path: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Rudrata (s,t)-Path to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Rudrata Path: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Rudrata Path to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Rudrata Cycle: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Rudrata Cycle to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Independent Set: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Independent Set to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Integer Linear Programming: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Integer Linear Programming to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from Clique: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from Clique to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from 3-SAT: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from 3-SAT to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications following the standard template.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reductions from 3D Matching: Detailed Proofs
Comprehensive detailed proofs showing how to reduce from 3D Matching to prove other problems are NP-complete, with full correctness justifications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Reduction: 3-SAT to Partition
A detailed proof showing how to reduce 3-SAT to Partition, encoding variable assignments and clause satisfaction using subset sums.
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Nov 21, 2025
NP-Complete Reduction Reference: Using Known Problems to Prove NP-Completeness
A comprehensive reference guide showing how to use known NP-complete problems (SAT, 3-SAT, Clique, Independent Set, Vertex Cover, Subset Sum, Rudrata Path/Cycle, ILP, ZOE, 3D Matching, TSP) to prove new problems are NP-complete through reductions....
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Nov 21, 2025
NP-Complete Reduction Examples: How to Prove NP-Completeness
A comprehensive guide to proving NP-completeness through reductions, with step-by-step examples showing how to reduce from known NP-complete problems (like 3-SAT) to prove new problems are NP-complete.
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Nov 21, 2025
Linear Programming Fundamentals: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
A comprehensive introduction to Linear Programming covering problem formulation, geometric interpretation, standard forms, the Simplex method, interior-point methods, duality theory, and practical applications.
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Nov 21, 2025
Linear Programming Fundamentals: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
A comprehensive introduction to Linear Programming covering problem formulation, geometric interpretation, standard forms, the Simplex method, interior-point methods, duality theory, and practical applications.
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Nov 16, 2025
Linear Programming: Zero-One Equations (ZOE)
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Zero-One Equations Problem, covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, and connections to Integer Linear Programming and 3-SAT.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: The Vertex Cover Problem
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Vertex Cover Problem, covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, and connections to Independent Set and Clique problems.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, dynamic programming solution, approximation algorithms, and practical applications.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: The Subset Sum Problem
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Subset Sum Problem, covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming solution, and connections to Partition and Knapsack problems.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: The Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT)
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT), covering problem definition, NP-completeness, Cook-Levin theorem, and reduction techniques.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: Rudrata Path and Rudrata (s,t)-Path
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Rudrata Path and Rudrata (s,t)-Path problems, covering problem definitions, NP-completeness proofs, and connections to Hamiltonian Cycle.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: Rudrata Cycle
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Rudrata Cycle Problem (also known as Hamiltonian Cycle), covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, and connections to Rudrata Path and TSP.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: Integer Linear Programming (ILP)
An introduction to NP-hardness through Integer Linear Programming (ILP), covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, relationship to Linear Programming, and practical solving methods.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: The Independent Set Problem
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Independent Set Problem, covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, and connections to Clique and Vertex Cover problems.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: The Clique Problem
An introduction to NP-hardness through the Clique Problem, covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof via reduction from 3-SAT, and connections to other graph problems.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: 3D Matching
An introduction to NP-hardness through the 3D Matching Problem, covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof via reduction from 3-SAT, and connections to bipartite matching.
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Nov 16, 2025
Linear Programming: Reductions
An introduction to Linear Programming, its polynomial-time solvability, and how it relates to reductions in complexity theory, including LP relaxations, duality, and reductions to/from LP.
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Nov 16, 2025
Greedy Algorithms: Theory and Examples
An introduction to greedy algorithms, covering the greedy choice property, optimal substructure, common examples including activity selection, interval scheduling, and minimum spanning trees, and when greedy algorithms work.
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Nov 16, 2025
NP-Hard Introduction: Integer Linear Programming (ILP)
An introduction to NP-hardness through Integer Linear Programming (ILP), covering problem definition, NP-completeness proof, relationship to Linear Programming, and practical solving methods.
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